What does malware refer to?

Malware refers to malicious software that is specifically designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or devices. This encompasses a variety of harmful software types, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware, all of which can lead to significant damage or the theft of sensitive information. Understanding that malware's primary function is to cause harm or disrupt services clarifies its role in the cybersecurity landscape. The correct answer underscores the destructive intent behind malware, distinguishing it from software designed for positive purposes, such as enhancing security, providing backups, or improving user experience.