What is meant by the term “shoulder surfing” in cybersecurity?

The term “shoulder surfing” in cybersecurity refers specifically to the act of looking over someone's shoulder to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, such as passwords or personal identification numbers. This typically occurs in public places or environments where personal devices are being used, making it easy for an attacker to observe what another individual is entering or viewing on their screen.

This behavior is particularly concerning because it can happen without the victim's awareness, leading to the compromise of sensitive information. It emphasizes the importance of practicing security measures in public settings, such as being mindful of surroundings when entering personal information.

The other options, while related to cybersecurity, don't capture the specific action referred to by "shoulder surfing." Watching someone from a distance doesn’t imply direct observation of sensitive information, and viewing data on a public screen, while a security risk, is a different type of intrusion. Monitoring a network involves tracking unusual activity but does not pertain to physically observing someone’s actions.