What is ransomware designed to do?

Ransomware is specifically designed to encrypt files on a victim's system, rendering them inaccessible to the user. After the files are encrypted, the ransomware typically demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key that would allow the user to regain access to their data. This malicious software exploits vulnerabilities in systems to carry out its attack, and the threat it poses goes beyond just loss of access to files; it can also instill fear and pressure on the victim to comply with the demands due to their urgent need for restoring their data.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary function of ransomware. While deleting files may cause data loss, it does not align with the core method of operation for ransomware, which is focused on encryption rather than outright deletion. Stealing personal information is a characteristic of certain types of malware but is not the main intent of ransomware. Similarly, spying on user activities pertains to spyware or surveillance malware and does not relate directly to the ransom and encryption model employed by ransomware. Thus, the primary mechanism and intention of ransomware is succinctly captured by its design to encrypt files and demand payment for their release.