What type of phishing attack utilizes telephone calls or VoIP systems?

The correct answer, which refers to phishing attacks conducted through telephone calls or VoIP systems, is known as vishing. This term is a combination of "voice" and "phishing" and describes scenarios where attackers attempt to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as personal details or financial credentials, over the phone.

Vishing can take the form of fraudulent calls, where scammers impersonate legitimate organizations to create a sense of urgency or fear, prompting individuals to comply with their requests. The use of VoIP technology allows these attackers to mask their true identities and potentially spoof phone numbers, making it more challenging for victims to recognize the fraud.

In contrast, smishing involves phishing attempts via SMS (text messages). Email spoofing refers to deceptive tactics used in email communication, while Trojans are a form of malware that disguise themselves as legitimate software to deceive users into installing them. Each of these options represents different modalities of cyber threats, highlighting the diverse methods through which attackers try to exploit and compromise individuals' data.